![]() Although land sales to private companies violated British law, the treaty nevertheless became the basis for the colonial settlement of that area. In 1775 the Overhill Cherokee were persuaded at the Treaty of Sycamore Shoals to sell an enormous tract of land in central Kentucky to the privately owned Transylvania Land Company. In 1773 the Cherokee and the Creek had to exchange a portion of their land to relieve the resulting indebtedness, ceding more than two million acres (more than 809,000 hectares) in Georgia through the Treaty of Augusta. Tribal economies were seriously disrupted by British actions. By 1759 the British had begun to engage in a scorched-earth policy that led to the indiscriminate destruction of native towns, including those of the Cherokee and other British-allied tribes. During the French and Indian War (1754–63) they allied themselves with the British the French had allied themselves with several Iroquoian tribes, which were the Cherokee’s traditional enemies. By the early 18th century the tribe had chosen alliance with the British in both trading and military affairs. The Spanish, French, and English all attempted to colonize parts of the Southeast, including Cherokee territory. An important religious observance was the Busk, or Green Corn, festival, a firstfruits and new-fires celebration. A typical Cherokee town had between 30 and 60 such houses and a council house, where general meetings were held and a sacred fire burned. Cherokee dwellings were bark-roofed windowless log cabins, with one door and a smoke hole in the roof. Deer, bear, and elk furnished meat and clothing. They wove baskets, made pottery, and cultivated corn (maize), beans, and squash. When encountered by Spanish explorers in the mid-16th century, the Cherokee possessed a variety of stone implements, including knives, axes, and chisels. The peace towns provided sanctuary for wrongdoers war ceremonies were conducted in red towns. The chiefs of individual red towns were subordinated to a supreme war chief, while the officials of individual white towns were under the supreme peace chief. The Cherokee nation was composed of a confederacy of symbolically red (war) and white (peace) towns. Traditional Cherokee life and culture greatly resembled that of the Creek and other tribes of the Southeast. ![]() They are believed to have numbered some 22,500 individuals in 1650, and they controlled approximately 40,000 square miles (100,000 square km) of the Appalachian Mountains in parts of present-day Georgia, eastern Tennessee, and the western parts of what are now North Carolina and South Carolina. Their name is derived from a Creek word meaning “people of different speech” many prefer to be known as Keetoowah or Tsalagi. SpaceNext50 Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space!Īt the time of their forcible removal from their homes in 1838, a few hundred Cherokee escaped to the mountains and furnished the nucleus for the several thousand Cherokee who live in western North Carolina.Ĭherokee, North American Indians of Iroquoian lineage who constituted one of the largest politically integrated tribes at the time of European colonization of the Americas.Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them! Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century.100 Women Britannica celebrates the centennial of the Nineteenth Amendment, highlighting suffragists and history-making politicians.COVID-19 Portal While this global health crisis continues to evolve, it can be useful to look to past pandemics to better understand how to respond today. ![]() Student Portal Britannica is the ultimate student resource for key school subjects like history, government, literature, and more.This Time in History In these videos, find out what happened this month (or any month!) in history.#WTFact Videos In #WTFact Britannica shares some of the most bizarre facts we can find.Demystified Videos In Demystified, Britannica has all the answers to your burning questions. ![]()
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